From late 1975 to mid-1977, a unit of the UVF dubbed the Shankill Butchers (a group of UVF men based on Belfast's Shankill Road) carried out a series of sectarian murders of Catholic civilians. [40] These were all subordinate to the Brigade Staff. [16] Because of his military experience, Spence was chosen as the military commander and public face of the UVF when the group was established. He did not specify what activities or what was being resisted. In response to events in Derry, nationalists held protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent. It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have continued to engage in violence and criminal activities. The former loyalist paramilitary leader Gusty Spence has died in hospital. More militant members of the UVF who disagreed with the ceasefire, broke away to form the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF), led by Billy Wright. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. Mr Lynch had many unionist friends, "some even politicians". Read about our approach to external linking. [26] Despite the fact that control of the UVF lay (nominally at least) with Spence's closest ally Samuel "Bo" McClelland, from prison Spence was often at odds with the group's leadership, in particular with regards to the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing. The feud with the UDA ended in December following seven deaths. (Thesis 2017). [32] Spence gave his permission for UVF brigadier Billy Hanna to establish the UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade in Lurgan. Grob-Fitzgibbon, Benjamin. Its name was taken from . [104] The Brigade Staff's former headquarters were situated in rooms above "The Eagle" chip shop located on the Shankill Road at its junction with Spier's Place. Gusty Spence received primary education at Riddell Memorial (1938-43) and Hemsworth Square (1943-7) public elementary schools, both in the Shankill area. Find the perfect gusty spence funeral stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. These included the Miami Showband killings of 31 July 1975 when three members of the popular showband were killed, having been stopped at a fake British Army checkpoint outside Newry in County Down. Fire engulfed the house next door, badly burning the elderly Protestant widow who lived there. "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". [55] The hawks had been ousted by those in the UVF who were unhappy with their political and military strategy. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. He was shot dead by the IRA in November 1982, four months after his release from the Maze Prison. "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". Eight people were shot dead and hundreds were injured. [11] During the conflict, its deadliest attack in Northern Ireland was the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing, which killed fifteen civilians. Wednesday, 15 February 2023 | 10.2 . CAIN also states that republicans killed 15 UVF members, some of whom are suspected to have been set up for assassination by their colleagues. [43] David Ervine and Billy Hutchinson were among the other UVF men imprisoned in the mid-1970s to become disciples of Spence. Another former PUP leader, Dawn Purvis, said Spence's opinions began to shift sooner than is generally perceived. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [7] His family had a long tradition of Orange Order membership. Bates was born into an Ulster Protestant family and grew up in the Shankill Road area of Belfast.He had a criminal record dating back to 1966, and later became a member of the Ulster loyalist paramilitary organisation, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Photograph: Peter Morrison/AP. [79], In 2008, a loyalist splinter group calling itself the "Real UVF" emerged briefly to make threats against Sinn Fin in County Fermanagh. RT 2023. [63], The UVF also attacked republican paramilitaries and political activists. The gang comprised, in addition to the UVF, rogue elements of the UDR, RUC, SPG, and the regular Army, all acting allegedly under the direction of the British Intelligence Corps and/or RUC Special Branch. Unable to find their target, the men drove around in search of any Catholic instead. Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933[2] 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. [25], On 27 May, Spence sent four UVF members to kill IRA volunteer Leo Martin, who lived in Belfast. [153], The UVF have been implicated in drug dealing in areas from where they draw their support. She said: "Some people have said that in his later life, he changed to become committed to peace. [21] Spence later wrote "At the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". The incumbent Chief of Staff, is alleged to be John "Bunter" Graham, referred to by Martin Dillon as "Mr. His father was a Somme veteran who emigrated to Belfast after the war and became a member of the Orange Order. DeSantis won't say he's running. Along with the newly formed Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF started an armed campaign against the Catholic population of Northern Ireland. His funeral service is taking place at Saint Michael's church off the Shankill Road. ", "Ulster Volunteer Force is no longer on ceasefire, police warn", "Gary Haggarty: Ex-senior loyalist pleads guilty to 200 terror charges", "Police seize drugs and arrest 11 during raids on east Belfast UVF", "Nine men charged after east Belfast UVF police raids", "Brexit: loyalist paramilitary groups renounce Good Friday agreement", "NI riots: What is behind the violence in Northern Ireland? Drong de dhnmharfir srathacha ab ea Bistir na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id. [128] Information regarding the role of women in the UVF is limited. [74], On 3 May 2007, following recent negotiations between the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern and with Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) Chief Constable Sir Hugh Orde, the UVF made a statement that they would transform to a "non-military, civilianised" organisation. "[154], According to Alan McQuillan, the assistant director of the Assets Recovery Agency in 2005, "In the loyalist community, drug dealing is run by the paramilitaries and it is generally run for personal gain by a large number of people." On 17 February 1979, the UVF carried out its only major attack in Scotland, when its members bombed two pubs in Glasgow frequented by Irish-Scots Catholics. [64] Republicans responded to the attacks by assassinating senior UVF members John Bingham, William "Frenchie" Marchant and Trevor King[65] as well as Leslie Dallas, whose purported UVF membership was disputed both by his family and the UVF. The no-warning car bombings had been carried out by units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades. Read about our approach to external linking. In January 2000 UVF Mid-Ulster brigadier Richard Jameson was shot dead by a LVF gunman which led to an escalation of the UVF/LVF feud. When Spence was 'abducted' in July 1972 it was the RHC who were at the forefront of this operation. Instead his coffin was adorned with the beret and regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, his former regiment. This development came soon after the UVF's Brigade Staff in Belfast had stood down Wright and the Portadown unit of the Mid-Ulster Brigade, on 2 August 1996, for the killing of a Catholic taxi driver near Lurgan during Drumcree disturbances. [5] The family home was 66 Joseph Street in an area of the lower Shankill known colloquially as "the Hammer". The loyalist leader always denied responsibility and his family are now challenging the conviction. Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the UVF was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. On 18 June 1994, UVF members machine-gunned a pub in the Loughinisland massacre in County Down, on the basis that its customers were watching the Republic of Ireland national football team playing in the World Cup on television and were therefore assumed to be Catholics. [82] The IICD confirmed that "substantial quantities of firearms, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices" had been decommissioned and that for the UVF and RHC, decommissioning had been completed. [8] He was frequently involved in street fights with republicans and garnered a reputation as a "hard man". [157] It was around this time that Sunday World journalists Martin O'Hagan and Jim Campbell coined the term "rat pack" for the UVF's murderous mid-Ulster unit and, unable to identify Wright by name for legal reasons, they christened him "King Rat." This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during . DeSantis won't say he's running. [9] Spence served until 1961 when ill-health forced him to leave. [92], During the Belfast City Hall flag protests of 201213, senior UVF members were confirmed to have actively been involved in orchestrating violence and rioting against the PSNI and the Alliance Party throughout Northern Ireland during the weeks of disorder. On 7 May 1966, loyalists petrol bombed a Catholic-owned pub in the loyalist Shankill area of Belfast. He later became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Along with the UDA, it helped to enforce the strike by blocking roads, intimidating workers, and shutting any businesses that opened. Gusty was a man of war, he was also a man of peace, she said. [115] They always signed their statements with the fictitious name "Captain William Johnston". Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. [21] This occurred despite Spence having been officially expelled from the Orange Order following his conviction. The biggest of these was the 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings, which killed 34 civilians, making it the deadliest terrorist attack of the conflict. [21] In April 1966, Ulster loyalists led by Ian Paisley, a Protestant fundamentalist preacher, founded the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC). In incidents carried out within days of each other in June 1966, Mr Spences gang killed two Catholic men, plus a Protestant pensioner who was murdered in a failed attempt to burn a neighbouring Catholic-owned bar. He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. In June, nine UVF members were convicted of the attacks. [112] The vast majority of its victims were Irish Catholic civilians, who were often killed at random. "The untouchable informers facing exposure at last". He was OC of the IRA in the Cavan area during the Border campaign in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In February, it began to target critics of militant loyalism the homes of MPs Austin Currie, Sheelagh Murnaghan, Richard Ferguson and Anne Dickson were attacked with improvised bombs. Captain Robert Nairac of 14 Intelligence Company was alleged to have been involved in many acts of UVF violence. The British Army were deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland. Read about our approach to external linking. It claimed the pubs were used for republican fundraising. Hanna and Jackson have both been implicated by journalist Joe Tiernan and RUC Special Patrol Group (SPG) officer John Weir as having led one of the units that bombed Dublin. [24] On 21 May, the group issued a statement: From this day, we declare war against the Irish Republican Army and its splinter groups. [126] Later, in September 1972, Gusty Spence said in an interview that the organisation had a strength of 1,500. Eleven years ago he was forced out of his home on the Shankill Road by Johnny Adair's gang during one of the many loyalist paramilitary feuds. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a sergeant in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander, until he was shot dead in July 1975. Mr Lynch died following a brief illness. It began carrying out gun attacks to kill random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs. [46] This resulted in a sharp increase in sectarian killings and internecine feuding, both with the UDA and within the UVF itself. He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. Spence was born in the Shankill Road, Belfast, area, Northern Ireland, the son of William Edward Spence, who was born in Whitehaven, England and raised in the Tiger's Bay area of north Belfast before moving to the Shankill. [48] When Spence's wife died three years later, he said that C Company had been responsible for her death, such was the toll that the events had taken on her health. Wright was apparently enraged by the nickname and made numerous threats to O'Hagan and Campbell. During 1970, 42 Catholic-owned licensed premises in Protestant areas were bombed. Thousands of families, mostly Catholics, were forced to flee their homes and refugee camps were set up in the Republic of Ireland. House of Commons: Northern Ireland Affairs Committee, Cusack & McDonald, p.3435, 105, 199, 205, The Lost Lives, David McKittrick, Page 1475, Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:47, Timeline of Ulster Volunteer Force actions, protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent, Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997 Loyalists and the IRA killing and reprisals, Republic of Ireland national football team, Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, "Report drawn up on behalf of the Political Affairs Committee on the situation in Northern Ireland", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfGe4WO8yok, "Sutton Index of Deaths: Organisation responsible for the death", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations", "Inside the UVF: Money, murders and mayhem - the loyalist gang's secrets unveiled", "UVF mural on Shankill Road being investigated by police", "UVF 'behind racist attacks in south and east Belfast'", Chronology of Key Events in Irish History, 1800 to 1967, "Irish tighten security after Dublin bombing", "Call for probe of British link to 1974 bombs", "Collusion in the South Armagh / Mid Ulster Area in the mid-1970's". [89][90] A dissident Republican was arrested for "the attempted murder of police officers in east Belfast" after shots were fired upon the police. Spence joined the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP), becoming a leading figure in the group. Thirty-three people were killed and almost 300 injured. There were no paramilitary trappings as mourners carried the coffin of the loyalist leader. Read about our approach to external linking. . [16] Their base of operations was the Standard Bar, a pub on the Shankill Road frequented by Spence and his allies (it was normal practice for UVF "teams" to be based at a single pub that its members used socially). [46] A few days after the announcement, Spence made a trip to the United States along with the PUP's David Ervine and Billy Hutchinson and the UDP's McMichael, Adams and Joe English. [101], In April 2021, riots erupted across Loyalist communities in Northern Ireland.[relevant? Save up to 70% with our image packs Pre-pay for multiple images and download on demand. Such retaliation was seen as both collective punishment and an attempt to weaken the IRA's support; it was thought that terrorising the Catholic community and inflicting such a death toll on it would force the IRA to end its campaign. The ferry [between Scotland and Northern Ireland] was pivotal in getting arms into the north and anything like checkpoints, or armed police and Army in Scotland would have b******d that all up.[148] An Irish government memo written by David Donoghue stated: "The commonest contribution of Scots UDA and UVF is to send gelignite. [2] He rose to the rank of Provost Sergeant (battalion police). After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. Home; About; Testimonials; Contact; Select Page. They were blamed by the PSNI on members of the UVF, who also said UVF guns had been used to try to kill police officers. In 1984, Gusty was released from prison, and became a leading figure in the Progressive Unionist Party and . This move came as the organisation held high-level discussions about its future. [140][141], In contrast to the IRA, overseas support for loyalist paramilitaries including the UVF has been limited. [20], Since 1964 and the formation of the Campaign for Social Justice, there had been a growing civil rights campaign in Northern Ireland, seeking to highlight discrimination against Catholics by the unionist government of Northern Ireland. He added: "He formed a relationship with Cardinal O'Fiach and that was in some of our ways of thinking in those days a big step because the Catholic church in particular were the enemy. In keeping with his wishes,. While the Troubles broke out in 1969, the murders carried out by the UVF years earlier were seen as brutal sectarian attacks that shocked Northern Ireland. [151][152] These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used to kill its victims. This building had been an important training centre for members of Edward Carson's original UVF. [70], There followed years of violence between the two organisations. He initially refused and went on to attend his daughter's wedding. These attacks were stepped up in the late 1980s and early 1990s, particularly in the east Tyrone and north Armagh areas. [116], Like the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF's modus operandi involved assassinations, mass shootings, bombings and kidnappings. The unnamed woman stated, "When you go out and throw a petrol bomb through a widow's window, you're no peacemaker. "However he did dedicate himself to peace and reconciliation for much of his later life so he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife," he added. This was a large, three-day riot between Irish nationalists and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). '[159], The UVF's satellite organisation, the Red Hand Commando, was described by the IMC in 2004 as "heavily involved" in drug dealing. [2], In August 2000, Spence was caught up in moves by Johnny Adair's "C" Company of the UDA to take control of the Shankill by forcing out the UVF and other opponents. The UVF very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism, serious assaults, intimidation of the community. [46] Some of the new Brigade Staff members bore nicknames such as "Big Dog" and "Smudger". After the Troubles began, an Orange-Canadian loyalist organization known as the Canadian Ulster Loyalist Association (CULA) sprang to life to provide the 'besieged' Protestants with the resources to arm themselves. This era also saw a more widespread targeting on the UVF's part of IRA and Sinn Fin members, beginning with the killing of senior IRA member Larry Marley[62] and a failed attempt on the life of a leading republican which left three Catholic civilians dead. "[18], In November 2013, after a series of shootings and acts of intimidation by the UVF, Police Federation Chairman Terry Spence declared that the UVF ceasefire was no longer active. [34] Spence was arrested along with around thirty other men at a UVF drinking club in Brennan Street; but after giving a false name, he was released. [21] The group called itself the "Ulster Volunteer Force" (UVF), after the Ulster Volunteers of the early 20th century, although in the words of a member of the previous organisation "the present para-military organisation has no connection with the U.V.F. [134] Like the IRA, the UVF also operated black taxi services,[135][136][137] a scheme believed to have generated 100,000 annually for the organisation. Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. The coffin, covered with the flag of the Ulster Rifles and his beret, of former UVF leader Gusty Spence passes a UVF mural along the Shankill Road in Belfast after his funeral at St Michael's Church. The UVF's last major attack was the 1994 Loughinisland massacre, in which its members shot dead six Catholic civilians in a rural pub. [130], Prior to and after the onset of the Troubles the UVF carried out armed robberies. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. [58][59][105] Graham has held the position since he assumed office in 1976. In 1990, the UVF joined the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) and indicated its acceptance of moves towards peace. [34] In December, the UVF detonated a car bomb near the Garda central detective bureau and telephone exchange headquarters in Dublin. [106][107] This uniform, based on those of the original UVF, was introduced in the early 1970s. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. [28], By 1969, the Catholic civil rights movement had escalated its protest campaign, and O'Neill had promised them some concessions. Exposure at last '' two organisations [ 126 ] later, in contrast to the Brigade members. 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